Integrated Approaches for Adsorption and Incorporation Testing of Green-Synthesized TiO2NPs Mediated by Seed-Priming Technology in Punica granatum L

Seed priming is a novel approach that undertaken to improve seed germination and therefore potentially enhance growth yield. Low-cost, eco-friendly, efficient treatment as means of enhancing yield still being sought for high-value crops such pomegranates (Punica granatum L.), particularly in areas situated at high altitudes the Taif region. The uptake nanoparticles (NPs) by plants provides potential pathway NP exposure. Therefore, it imperative understand via their unique properties within plants. In present study, titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs) were green-synthesized utilized agents pomegranate seeds concentration 40 mg/mL 24 h. adsorption NPs was verified scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray analysis/spectroscopy (EDX), while incorporation detected transmission (TEM). To validate EM results, fluorescence (XRF) inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) techniques further undertaken. results confirmed successful synthesis pure anatase TiO2NPs employing aqueous extracts fruit peel (PPE) coffee ground beans (CE). All analytical employed this research inside seeds, even after storage during treatment. This study lays foundation future sustainable technologies terms crop productivity germination.